How to Write a Comprehensive Thesis Proposal

How to Write a Comprehensive Thesis Proposal Regardless of type of the paper you are writing (whether you write a short essay or a research paper) your thesis proposal paper is the most valuable part of the work done. Of course, some may say it is probably proved to be one of the trickiest part to formulate. Keeping this in mind, you need to remember that correctly organized and well-written thesis proposal serve to reveal the purpose of your document or work, thereby thesis proposal is used as identifier to present to the reader the structure of your thoughts listed, the way the paper is organized and gives a picture on your whole work (in the perspective of: worth reading or not). Without stating strong thesis, your arguments later in the writing, may seem weak, not relevant and boring to the readers. Thesis proposal statements must be clear and constructive. This is called to help your reader understand the topic in general, follow your thoughts in the document (by falling into trap of the strong arguments provided by you in the document) as well as to explain your position on this topic and, in the most successful scenarios, to convince your reader to take your side. The purpose of composing the thesis proposal is to state the essence of the material in the form of definitions. First of all, it is necessary to determine what kind of paper needs to be accompanied with thesis proposal because all your further work will depend on understanding this part. If the research paper is already done and written, then a thesis proposal statement can be made on its basis. But there is another possible scenario: when the thesis proposal is formulated firstly (providing with the brief essence of the work) and only after that the research work is about to be written. Most often scenario is as following: thesis proposal correlates with the purpose of the research, its goals, it presents conclusions based on the analysis or it provides with new methodology justified in the work. Writing a good proposal requires plenty of thought and preparation. A successful research proposal will provide evidence of: a strong proposition or clear central question that you want to pursue a description of the originality and potential contribution of your research a basic plan for the thesis structure preliminary ideas about your methodology familiarity with existing research in your chosen area an awareness of the resources, skills and sources required to successfully complete the project. Thesis proposal outline The first step in writing proposal for thesis is to prepare a rough draft for it. It is worth remembering that planning ahead and creating the draft version of your proposal, is the key. It may seem sophisticated though, but all you need at this stage is to prepare a document which will serve as a draft for now. Once you have completed your draft, check it, proofread it and send it to your supervisor, who will provide you with his first feedback and add some comments on it. The final proposal submitted with your research will be build up on this very first draft. If you receive a lot of comments and feel overwhelmed about how much you need to change, edit or cross out from your draft, you might think of giving up on the writing already. But all you need now to stay strong and remember that this is a start of the process. It is a common thing that many ideas and will be reworked after the feedback received, thus in the end your proposal will be changed as well. However, the more solid statements, proved points and remarkable elements you are able to provide at this stage, the stronger your proposal will be. Thus, the example of proposal outline can be as following. A Basic Proposal Outline includes: Introduction Topic area Research question Relevance of the knowledge Literature review Previous research conducted Highlighting the weak points of the previous research and finding the unanswered questions. Your draft of the work Methodology Approach selected Data to be provided Analytic methods to use Presentation of the results discovered. Expected results stated References and other sources cited. Another useful touch writing a thesis proposal (either you are writing master thesis proposal or writing proposal for phd thesis) is to stay creative. A modest proposal thesis A Modest Proposal is an essay that uses satire to make its point. The main purpose of a satire is to spur readers to remedy the problem under discussion. The main weapon of the satirist is verbal irony, a figure of speech in which words are used to ridicule a person or thing by conveying a meaning that is the opposite of what the words say. That’s why having created a modest proposal thesis, it would allow you to define an original central question and outline your answer on it. Answering your central question, establishing a strong standpoint and assessing the validity of your central argument will be the driving force of your research. Your prospective supervisor may suggest further reading and skills to develop before submitting a revised version of the research proposal. This process will improve the strength of your final proposal and your application’s chances of success. All in all, if you are not sure that how to do it properly or don’t have much time for doing it, our advice is to ask for help from professional services.

Angola s Percentile Rank On Each Of The Six Governance...

The line graphs above show Angola’s percentile rank on each of the six governance indicators. Percentile ranks indicate the percentage of countries worldwide rank lower than the indicated country so that higher values indicate better governance scores. Compared to other countries, Angola scores very low on all indicators. In other words, Angola falls into the category of exclusive institution. This finding further confirms conclusions made by political scientists that the quality of institutions matters. Based on qualitative analysis, many scholars believe that the abundance of natural resources can lead to rent-seeking behavior and corruption. It can lead to decreased quality of political institutions thus affect the economic development†¦show more content†¦It means Angola’s scores were more towards least free, and overall Angola has a Not Free status according to Freedom in the World 2014 report. Thus, based on above findings, president has been in power for over 30 years, and the ruling MPLA dominates Angola’s multiparty system, and the Not Free status, Angola is ruled by authoritarian form of government. Why does it matter? The resource-rich countries are more likely to be authoritarian than democracies (Mikesell, 1997). Other scholars present evidence that democratic government, especially parliamentary democratic, help to avoid resource curse (Damania and Bulte 2003). Unfortunately, the Republic of Angola is ruled by a dominant president and the ruling party; the opposition is marginalized, and elections are â€Å"held basically to render legitimacy to the incumbent regime† (Amundsen, 2011). Contrary to popular belief that the dictators are removed by the masses, Svolik presents quantitative data that shows two-third of the dictators were overthrown by the ruling coalition (Svolik, ). Therefore, it is in the dictator s best interest to buy off important inner circle elites known as the ruling coalition to make sure that he continues to stay in power. Svolik s findings explain why authoritarian government fuels corruption and has no accountability to the masses and no transparency of the funds. Thus, corruption in Angola is extreme;

Essay on Media Impacts and College Life - 1485 Words

From the Inside Looking Out As a college female growing up in a media-crazed age, I am deeply troubled and affected by the medias support of the thin ideology. I am a classic example of the medias impact on females and the downward spiral of self-satisfaction. Being present in the center of college life, I am in the midst of the hormonal sea of students. Whether its at class or watching the sorority and fraternity kids run around during rush week, there is always chasing for approval between the sexes. A day doesnt go by where I dont catch a glimpse at the self-conscious and hear the ever-so-common bellows of those who want to rid the freshman 15. Girls yearn for a slim, tan, ready for spring break body because they think by†¦show more content†¦It is impossible to flip through a magazine without seeing advertisements or articles with slender models trying to manipulate readers into bettering their body. Due to the consistent viewing of articles and advertisements covered with half-naked, bony models, the idea that being thin is the typical body image of women today is set into the minds of the readers. The images of thinness are used to symbolize such things as happiness, success, and beauty. In todays culture, the media plays the main role in setting the standards for body shapes and sizes. Our generation is dependent on the media for news, style, music, and the latest fad. Every household and dorm room has at least one TV and computer as well as occupying one or several screen names.. Media plays a major responsibility in each of our lives due to it being so frequently used, it is necessary to admit to ourselves that we are media junkies. Exposure to this false idea that being thin is a must in our society can lead to major problems such as eating disorders and depression. As girls begin to read magazines, generally around the age of 10, body dissatisfaction is introduced. Crouch and Degelman reveal that, girls ages 10-18 exposed to images of models evaluate themselves and their appearance more negatively. By the time girls hit college, their opinions of themselves are already shaky. Extra stresses suchShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers1147 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Social Media on Teenagers Nowadays social media have become one of the important part of our lifestyle and has a great influence in our day to day basic activities. Getting more likes and having more followers has become one of the important part of people’s social life. Teenagaers spent most of their time checking Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter and many more. According to The Washington Post, â€Å"Teens are spending more than one-third of their days using media such as online videoRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact of social networking in the twenty-first century is the game- changing phenomenon within communication in our society today. Internet usage has skyrocketed in the past few years, with the usage of social networks. In society today organizations, schools, universities, kids, teens and college students are surrounded by social media and are linked and updated through networks such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, and Myspace just to mention a few. While social media is a greatRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Youth Development1128 Words   |  5 Pages I use social media quite a bit in my personal life; it’s usually the first thing I check as soon as I log onto my computer. I’m almost always on Tumblr or Twitter for the latest updates. It’s a pretty useful tool, I would say because it allows you to connect with many people that you would not have known about otherwise. It’s an endless source of information, and it’s very easy to learn about things often just as they are happening which is a massive improvement in within the last twenty yearsRead MoreMASS MEDIA RESEARCH PROPOSAL1377 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ MASS MEDIA RESEARCH PROPOSAL FREEDOM OF INTERNET: A RESEARCH OF INTERNET USERS AMONG THE UiTM STUDENTS BY: MOHD AFIFI BIN ZAKARIA 2012447002 MC223S3A COMMUNICATION RESEARCH METHOD (COM533) DR. ZULKIFLI ABD. LATIFF Introduction of Research In this globalization era, the internet or the virtual world has becoming more complicated and has the potential by showing more effective platform of various collaborative activities which includes academic and education purposes. The intention and the desireRead MoreThe Impact of Social Media Upon Education1709 Words   |  7 Pages Social media is a necessity. Around every corner, a person is seen scrolling through the countless news feeds on their favorite social media sites. This fast developing technology is changing the way that the world communicates on all levels, even to the point that people text each other when they are in the same room. With the uprising of faster social media, hardly anything else is used to get information, or communicate it. The obvious fact that social media is truly everywhere isRead MoreHiatt, Hannah. Mrs. Fingarson. English 11. March 13, 2017.1418 Words   |  6 Pages Junior Research Project: Negative Impact Social Media Has On Soci ety The average person spends about 1 hour and 40 minutes browsing on social media per day. That is 700 minutes per week, 3,000 minutes per month and 36,000 minutes per year. Most people don’t realize they are wasting these 600 hours per year just looking at their phone. The use of social media has been shown to influence and persuade people greatly in a negative manner. Although social media is one of the largest used platformsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Body Image1663 Words   |  7 PagesDo college-ages women who use twitter exhibit higher levels of social comparison and body checking than non-users? Countless scientific studies and research focus on the effects of social media platforms on body image, social comparison, and image satisfaction. Author Erin A. Vogel has written extensively over the effects of social media and body image. The studies utilize different experimental approaches that indicate the subjects who showed high levels of social comparison orientation are avidRead MoreSocial Networks And Its Effect On Our Lives1661 Words   |  7 Pagesplay an important role in our life. People can easily make new friends, communicate with friends and strengthen their relationship on the social sites. Users can share their routine and interesting experiences to their families and friends. They also can view pictures from friends’ timelines, read current news, and even play games. There is no doubt that social networks revolutionize the way that people communicate, interact and socialize on the internet. Nowadays, college students share a substantialRead MoreCommunication Theories And Its Impact On The Data1731 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing are some of the key words that have been employed in the study and their meanings. a) Social media: - This refers to tools that are mediated by the computer for the purpose of allowing people to develop a platform of connecting with the rest of the world on matters such as politics, business ideas, or entertainment. b) Political engagement: - The process of learning about politics and its impact in the lives of people, and can take place through the willingness of people to learn and build aRead MoreThe Effects of Social Media on College Freshmen Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is defined as websites and applications used for social networking, in other words it is a way for people to interact and express themselves without being face to face. Social media has become a large part of the life of teenagers, who make up most of the population of people who are subjected to using social media in their daily lives. Many college students are faced with balancing their social lives with school and even athletics making priorities a big dilemma for them. College students

Assignment Template Free Essays

A new manager is starting in the organisation shortly. You have been asked to provide an outline to this new-starter, so that they can gain some understanding of the organisation in preparation for their start. The information you provide should include: ? A list of the main products and services of the organisation ? An identification of the main customers ? The purpose and goals of the organisation An analysis of a minimum of 4 external factors and their impact on the business activities of an organisation ? The structure and at least 4 functions of the organisation ? An explanation of how these different functions work together within the organisation to optimise performance ? An identification of the culture of the organisation and at least 2 ways this affects operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment Template or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In order to understand the organizational business or operation environment and cope with specific organizational culture, it seems important to get the comprehensive information regarding the products and services, customer base, organizational goals or objectives of the company and its internal or external influencing factors. Considering the same, brief insight about Apple Inc. can be of great help for new managers to understand and cope with new organizations culture. Apple Inc. is known in the global market place for its innovative new dimensions of digital technology, which acts as the core competitive advantages of its business. Company has well known brand repute in the local and global market places, which entails it to expand its business of producing personal computers, computer software, servers, consumer electronics and digital media for distribution etc beyond the domestic boundaries. Apple has developed innovation and new digital technology utilization as the strategy for growth of organization and expansion of business in global territories. Most popular products of company are the iPhone, iPad, iPod, and the Mac computers and laptops, which have helped in establishment of its own niche market by the Apple. Certain products like iPods and iTunes etc have generated high volume sales in its specific industry segment of consumer electronics and media sales. With grand success of iPhone series mobile equipments Apple is still reaping the market through its innovative product iPad. One of the founding member Steve Jobs has formulated and developed the culture of innovation and new dimensions of digital technology as the key competitive factors. Apple has aligned its strategic thoughts with that of the approach of creation and delivery of new product segments and improvements in the existing products in the market. Through such approach of innovation and advanced technology product development, Apple has build up its specific organizational culture and with passage of time extensive research and development programs and quick upgrade of upcoming and existing products have become the integral part of its overall organizational development strategy. In its customer base main constituents are the young age individuals and institutional organizations, who utilises specific products like iPods, iPhones, iPads etc for their personal use and Mac computers and laptops for their professional or operational uses. Improvements and upgrades in existing products and launch of new innovative products have helped in development of organizational value and sustain growth prospects. Basic approach of Apple towards operational imperatives seems to follow the integration framework, where different operational functions like designing, engineering, retail and research and development are integrated to develop high quality and advanced technology products. Such approach of integration of different operational functions helps it in gaining flexibility and quick responses in situation of change in environment. Most of the operational efforts remain allocated to bring innovation and efficiency in core functions of Apple, like designing, engineering, retail and research and development, which bring uniqueness and sustainable quality in the offerings. As basic strategy of Apple Inc. is considered to be inclined towards development of specific products targeted to certain specific markets, thus even though it has earned impressive growth in past, a prospective threat of influence of external environmental factors also exists, which may potentially affect the business and growth prospects of the Apple Inc. Certain external factors which may affect the Apple’s business can be mentioned as change in interest or preferences of the customers, dynamic changes in the technology, entry of other strong competitors in its niche market segment and change in rules and regulations of global market economies. Due to technological advancements most of the technical specifications of iPods became available in iPhones and other similar products of other competitors thus it poses enhanced internal and external competition for its products like iPods etc. Similarly with spread of technology in global sphere several other competitors have also started optimizing their potentials to compete directly in the niche market of Apple, just like the case of Samsung which has posed significant competition to the Apple’s iPhone. Apple’s organizational culture is considered to be based on the integration of different operational functions and utilization of innovation and digital technology dimension in product development. As Apple operates in global scenario and utilizes the organizational communication, open-mindedness, inter-disciplinary design reviews and collaborative operations of technical teams as its organizational culture components, thus certain issues like cross culture conflicts and respective barriers of communications can affect the productivity and sustainability of growth prospects. Cross cultural conflicts can hamper the competitive advantages developed by the Apple in several years of effort. How to cite Assignment Template, Papers

No Men Are Foreign free essay sample

No men are foreign tell us that we should not consider anyone as foreign or strange. Humanity is the same all over the world and in harming anyone we are harming ourselves. This poem emphasizes the fact that men might belong to different races, nations, but are basically bound by a common bond i. e. they all feel pain when hurt and shed tears on the loss of someone close and wars should not break this common bondage. In destroying another country we are destroying our own Earth. The poem tells us to look upon humanity as unified entity. [pic] The poem is obviously a strong plea for universal brotherhood. It underlines the fact that the people of different countries have same physical, mental amp; emotional experiences. Their fate is the same. They are in no way different even though they wear different clothes amp; speak different languages. Nobody should be viewed as stranger amp; no country foreign. We will write a custom essay sample on No Men Are Foreign or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poet emphasizes the futility of hating those who belong to other countries. When we wage war against others, we only defile our own earth. The dust amp; smoke caused by war weapons pollute the very air we all breathe. The poet calls upon the people to liberate the world from man-made barriers and parochialism (narrow outlook). There is much in common between different races of the world. [pic] This poem is written to foster feelings of fraternity, brotherhood and to emphasise that people of different nations are alike in every manner-fate, times of sorrows and happiness etc. Therefore James Kirkup has written this poem to say that we are the children of the God and should we desecrate our Earth by waging wars, by fighting we are condemning ourselves.Poet: James Kirkup The Theme The poem â€Å"No Men Are Foreign†, a poem by James Kirkup states that no man is foreign or strange and we should not regard anyone as foreign or strange. The poem revolves around the idea that all men are equal. Though they are separated by boundaries there is no difference between men of different nations. The difference is only within a man’s heart. It is a universal appeal for brotherhood. The differences among them pertain merely to colour, dress and food habits which are not of much significance. Humanity all over the world is alike. If man is destroying another nation, he is actually destroying himself and the entire humanity. The people of different countries may differ in complexion and clothing but their mental, physical and emotional experiences are the same. The poet makes an effort to wipe away the hatred among people of the world and highlights the futility of war and weapons that only add pollution to â€Å"innocence. † The Summary   The poem begins with the speaker asking his audience to remember that no human being should be treated as foreigner or stranger because all human beings are essentially the same. Even those who wear different dresses are in no way different from us because though the clothes are different the bodies are the same. All human beings are â€Å"brothers† as they breathe the same air and live on the same land. In life and death people of all countries share the same sun, the same water and the same air. Peace brings prosperity to all men and war brings adversity. The lines on the hands of all people show that they are all destined to work hard and labor for earning the living. In waking and in sleeping all men are same. God has bestowed the same strength to all men and it is only the human quality of love that can subdue the most powerful of all forces. The poet’s message is that we should not hate our fellow human beings. We have no right to look down on anybody or discriminate against anybody on any grounds. The poet makes a strong plea against the evil of war. By taking up arms men desecrate the holy earth, polluting it with not only dust and smoke but also hatred, men must learn to develop the feeling of universal brotherhood. Men must learn that no man is a stranger and no country foreign. No men are foreign ells us that we should not consider anyone as foreign or strange. Humanity is the same all over the world and in harming anyone we are harming ourselves. In destroying another country we are destroying our own Earth. The poem tells us to look upon humanity as unified entity. The poem is obviously a strong plea for universal brotherhood. It underlines the fact that the people of diff erent countries have same physical, mental amp; emotional experiences. Their fate is the same. They are in no way different even though they wear different clothes amp; speak different languages.

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Essay Example

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Essay Example Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Paper Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Paper Trimyristin is one member of a class of triglycerides which is found in animals fatty tissues and vegetable or marine oils. It can dissolve in organic compound such as hot acetone readily as it is a non-polar compound.  After the isolation of tirmyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction followed by recrystallizaiton, the present of functional groups in organic molecules can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most useful tools available to the organic chemist as only small quantity of sample is needed, the cost of the spectrometer is relatively small and the application of this method is wide. A molecule is constantly vibrating. Changes in vibrations of a molecule are caused by absorption of infrared light. A particular part of the infrared spectrum is referred to either by its wavelength or its frequency. Therefore, infrared spectrum is a highly characteristic property of an organic compound and can be used both to establish the identity of two compounds and to reveal the structure of a new compound. Small amount of activated carbon is added to during the recrystallization in order to absorb the colour inside the solution. After that, it can be filter out by the fluted filter paper.  Objective:  To isolate trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction  To purified it by recrystallization.  To obtain an infrared spectrum of the isolated trimyristin from the recrystallized trimyristin from the experiment.  To study the difference between the infrared spectrum results of the isolated trimyristin from experiment 3 and the recrystallized trimyristin  Materials and Methods  Procedure for the isolation trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction. 15.13g of ground nutmeg seed, 40ml of acetone and five antibumping granules were placed into a 100ml round bottom flask. The ground glass joints of the 100-ml reaction flask and the outer joint of the reflux condenser were lubricated by Vaseline to prevent the glass joints from freezing together. The mixture was then allowed to reflux for 15 minutes.  Then, the heating mantle was switched off and the hot solution was filtered into a 100 ml conical flask containing 15 ml acetone on a hot water bath using a hot stemless funnel which was preheated to about 80?C and fitted with a fluted filter paper. The extracts were allowed to cool in an ice bath until crystallization was complete while the solid material was isolated by suction filtration. Procedure for recrystallization  The isolated product from ex 3 was placed in a 100ml conical flask. Then 30ml acetone and a very small amount of activated charcoal were added. The mixture was warmed in a hot water bath. After that, the solution was filtered and allowed to cool in an ice bath. The purified trimyristin crystals were collected by suction filtration. The weight and melting point of the product were also determined.  Procedure for infrared spectroscopy. About 15 to 20 mg of the recrystallized sample was ground in an agate mortar, then a drop of the paraffin oil was added, and was ground for 2 to 5 minutes until a mull was formed. The mull was transferred to the bottom salt plate of a demountable cell. The top plate was then placed and twisted to distribute the sample evenly and eliminate all air pockets and the spectrum was run. After running the sample, the salt plates were wiped clean with a tissue paper saturated with acetone. The apparatus for refluxing a solution is always left open to the atmosphere during heating and is never stoppered because if the apparatus is in a closed system and the temperature of that system is increased, air will expand. And the solvent will evaporate into gas so the pressure inside will increase also. As the pressure inside will continue to increase and until the apparatus cannot stand the pressure, the apparatus will break and the solution may spread. That is why it is really unsafe when heating in a closed system. IR spectrum  In our group, the IR spectrum of recrystallized sample was done. In the spectrum, there were a peak at 1735.84cm-1 which indicated the presence of C=O bond,  peaks at about 1180cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-O bond and the peak at 2842.67cm-1 to 2920cm-1 indicated the presence of aliphatic C-H bond.  By comparing the IR spectrum of un-recrystallized sample from the other group, similar pattern of the spectrum was obtained. Same functional groups were found in that sample but the transmittance of the recrystallized one was much lower than the un-recrystallized one which indicated that the purity of the recrystallized sample was higher. Source of errors  If the mixture was heating under reflux for too long, other things may also extract. Moreover, there was loss of sample during the transfer process as some solid might adhere on the flasks, Buchner funnel or even the weighting bottle. Some of the trimyristin might not completely dissolve in the hot acetone so less trimyristin was extracted. As the solubility of trimyristin in hot acetone is much bigger than in colder acetone, if we dont filter quickly after heating, the temperature would decrease and less trimyristin would be isolated. For the IR spectrum of the recrystallized sample, some sharp unnecessary peaks may appear because of the acetone or other impurities as we used acetone to clean the plate which did not evaporate completely before we put them in the spectroscopy. Improvement  For the purity, we can repeat the process of recrystallization although the yield might be lowered. Moreover, the product could be allowed to dry in the suction filter for more time. Tiny amount of charcoal was added first, then warm the mixture for a while if the yellow colour still present, a little more charcoal is added instead of adding too much at first. For the reflux, it is better not reflux for more than 20 minutes. During reflux, the stand should shake gently so that the trimyristin can better dissolve in the hot acetone and should filter the solution as quick as possible after heating. Finally, wait for a while after cleaning the salts plates or apparatus used for IR spectroscopy so that the acetone can fully evaporate in order not to interfere the results.

Definition and Examples of Anti-Language

Definition and Examples of Anti-Language Anti-language is a minority dialect or method of communicating within a minority speech community that excludes members of the main speech community. The term antilanguage was coined by British linguist M.A.K. Halliday (Anti-Languages, American Anthropologist, 1976). Examples and Observations Anti-languages may be understood as extreme versions of social dialects. They tend to arise among subcultures and groups that occupy a marginal or precarious position in society, especially where central activities of the group place them outside the law. . . .Anti-languages are basically created by a process of relexicalizationthe substitution of new words for old. The grammar of the parent language may be preserved, but a distinctive vocabulary develops, particularlybut not solelyin activities and areas that are central to the subculture and that help to set it off most sharply from the established society.(Martin Montgomery, An Introduction to Language and Society. Routledge, 1986) The ideological function and sociolinguistic status of Black English is reminiscent of (though not identical to) an anti-language (Halliday, 1976). This is a linguistic system that reinforces group solidarity and excludes the Other. It is speech characteristic of a group which is in but not of a society. As an anti-language, BE emerges as a counter-ideology; it is the language of rebellion and the symbolic expression of solidarity among the oppressed.(Geneva Smitherman, Talkin That Talk: Language, Culture, and Education in African America. Routledge, 2000) Long after they learn to behave as adults expect them to, children continue to investigate the boundaries of sense and nonsense. Anti-language flourishes in the society of children as an unself-conscious culture (Opie, 1959).(Margaret Meek, Play and Paradox, in Language And Learning, ed. by G. Wells and J. Nicholls. Routledge, 1985) Nadsat: Anti-Language in A Clockwork Orange [T]here is something at once delightful and horrible, dogged and elusive in A Clockwork Orange [by Anthony Burgess] . . .. There is something about the novel so frightening that it demanded a new language and something so immanent in the message of the novel that it refused to be separated from the language. . . .The novels tempo, and its overwhelming linguistic accomplishment is to a great degree based upon the language Nadsat, coined for the book: the language of the droogs and of the night. It is the jargon of rape, plunder, and murder veiled in unfamiliarity, and as such it works highly successfully. . . . The novel makes a fleeting reference to the origins of the language. Odd bits of old rhyming slang . . . a bit of gipsy talk, too. But most of the roots are Slav. Propaganda. Sublimation penetration (p. 115).(Esther Petix, Linguistics, Mechanics, and Metaphysics: Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork Orange (1962). Old Lines, New Forces: Essays on the Contemporary British Novel, 1960-19 70, ed. by Robert K. Morris. Associated University Presses, 1976)Nadsat is derived from Russian, British, and Cockney rhyming slang. Burgess said that elements of the language were inspired by the Edwardian Strutters, British teenagers in the late 1950s who carried out violent attacks on innocent people. Rhyming slang is characteristic of Londons East End, where speakers substitute random rhyming words for others: for example, nasty becomes Cornish pasty; key becomes Bruce Lee; and so on. (Stephen D. Rogers, The Dictionary of Made-Up Languages. Adams Media, 2011)